Obstacles All fixed whether temporary or permanent and mobile objects, or parts thereof, that are located on an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft or that extend above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight. Other aerodrome facility standard For an aerodrome facility that does not comply with the standards set out in the MOS, the RPA, the AEI, the APEI, or the API, means: a the standard, procedure or practice the SPP to which the aerodrome facility was designed and constructed, being an SPP which, at the time, was required by the Commonwealth to be complied with for the design and construction of the aerodrome facility; or b where CASA is satisfied that the SPP to which the aerodrome facility was designed and constructed is an historical SPP that can no longer be identified with certainty — an SPP specified in writing by CASA, following consultation with the aerodrome operator, as the standard to which, on the basis of its current characteristics, the aerodrome facility was probably designed and constructed.
Precision approach runway See Instrument runway. Primary runway s Runway s used in preference to others whenever conditions permit. Radio aids Also known as non-visual aids. Rapid exit taxiway A taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle, designed and intended to allow landing aeroplanes to turn off the runway at higher speeds than are achieved on exit taxiways, thereby minimizing runway occupancy times. Regular public transport operations Regular public transport operations has the meaning given by paragraph 2 7 c of the Civil Aviation Regulations RESA Runway end safety area.
Runway A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft. Runway end safety area RESA An area symmetrical about the extended runway centre line and adjacent to the end of the strip primarily intended to reduce the risk of damage to an aeroplane undershooting or overrunning the runway.
Runway guard light A light system intended to caution pilots or vehicle drivers that they are about to enter an active runway. Runway strip A defined area including the runway and stopway, if provided, intended: 1. Runway visibility RV The distance along a runway over which a person can see and recognise a visibility marker or runway lights. Runway visual range RVR The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centreline of a runway can see the runway surface markings, or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centreline.
Chapter 2: Application of Standards to Aerodromes Section 2. Operating procedures for certified and registered aerodromes differ and are set out in separate Chapters. However, until it is replaced or upgraded, details of the non-compliant facility must be recorded in the Aerodrome Manual, including: a identification of the facility; and b the date or period when the facility was first introduced or last upgraded as the case may be ; and c a description of, or documented evidence of, the standard with which the facility complies, including a supporting reference to the version and date of the MOS, RPA, AEI, APEI, API or other aerodrome facility standard embodying the standard with which the facility complies; and d details of the plans and timescale for replacing or upgrading the facility so that it complies with this MOS.
Note: As part of the audit of an aerodrome operator, CASA may require the operator to supply evidence showing past and current bona fide efforts to implement the plan and timescale 2.
However, until it is replaced or upgraded, details of the non-compliant facility must be recorded in accordance with paragraph F of CASR applied to the application; and b include a clear indication of whether, and when, full compliance with the MOS would occur. The Manual must contain details of the exemption, reason for the granting, any resultant limitations imposed, and similar relevant information. The Code is composed of two elements: element 1 is a number related to the aeroplane reference field length; and element 2 is a letter related to the aeroplane wingspan and outer main gear wheel span.
A particular specification is related to the more appropriate of the two elements of the Code or to an appropriate combination of the two Code elements.
The Code letter or number within an element selected for design purposes is related to the characteristics of the aeroplane types for which the facility is intended. The Code number corresponding to the highest value of the aeroplane reference field lengths for which the runway is intended is to be selected. Subject to paragraph 2. For certified aerodromes, information of the Aerodrome Reference Code letter for each runway and taxiway shall be set out in the Aerodrome Manual.
However, where movement area facilities are built for future larger aeroplanes, the aerodrome operator must liaise with the relevant CASA office to determine interim notification of Reference Code and maintenance arrangements.
Chapter 3: Applying for an Aerodrome Certificate Section 3. Operators of other aerodromes may also apply for an aerodrome certificate. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that use of the site as an aerodrome is in compliance with other federal, state and local statutory requirements. The aerodrome certificate does not absolve the applicant from observing such requirements. The standards to meet the requirements are set out in various chapters in this Manual of Standards MOS.
However, it should be clearly understood that the CASA sample checking process does not absolve the applicant from the responsibility to provide accurate information. This may involve more time and resources and may result in restrictions being imposed on aircraft operations.
Chapter 4: Applying to Register an Aerodrome Section 4. A registered aerodrome will have aerodrome information published in ERSA, and changes to aerodrome information or conditions affecting aircraft operations can be notified through the NOTAM system. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that use of the site as an aerodrome is in compliance with other federal, state and local authority requirements.
The aerodrome registration does not absolve the applicant from observing such requirements. The completed form, together with aerodrome information for publication in ERSA and confirmation from an approved person as prescribed in CASR Part , that the aerodrome meets applicable safety standards, shall be returned to the nearest CASA office. The inspection is normally only required if the information supplied is, in the opinion of the Aerodrome Inspector, inadequate or requires further clarification.
Appropriate notice of the scheduled visit will be given. Unscheduled visits may occur at any time, such as when prompted by reported safety concerns. Start Date. Date of repeal. Volume 2. Aerodrome beacon. Aerodrome elevation. Aerodrome facility. Aerodrome reference point. The designated geographical location of an aerodrome.
Aerodrome reference temperature. Aerodrome traffic density. See Paragraph 9. Aerodrome works. Aeronautical beacon. Aeronautical ground light. Aeronautical study. Air side. Air transport operations. Aircraft classification number ACN. Aircraft parking position. The official publication known as Airport Instructions issued: a by CASA or its predecessors, before the RPA was first issued; or b otherwise by or under the authority of the Commonwealth.
Apron management service. Apron taxiway. Balanced field length. Capacity discharge light. Charter operations. Critical obstacle. Cross-wind component. Declared distances. Dependent parallel approaches. Displaced threshold. A threshold not located at the extremity of a runway. Effective intensity. Exit taxiway. Fixed light. Frangible object. Hazard beacon. Holding bay. Independent parallel approaches. Independent parallel departures.
Instrument approach procedures. Instrument meteorological conditions IMC. Instrument runway. One of the following types of runway intended for the operation of aircraft using instrument approach procedures: a Non-precision approach runway.
Intermediate holding position. Joint user aerodromes. Landing area. Light failure. Lighting system reliability. Low visibility procedures. Manoeuvring area. Maximum all up mass. Either a take-off or a landing by an aircraft. Movement area. Maximum take-off weight. CNS means communications, navigation, surveillance. Configuration A , for runway guard lights, has the meaning given in subsection 9. Configuration B , for runway guard lights, has the meaning given in subsection 9.
CTAF means common traffic advisory frequency. Note TORA may include additional length available from a starter extension if provided. Department has the meaning given in item 1 in subsection 19A 1 of the Acts Interpretation Act At the date of making, this is the Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities but may change from time to time in accordance with Administrative Arrangements Orders made by the Governor-General.
DME means distance measuring equipment. For ICAO documents, see section 1. FATO area means a final approach and take-off area of an aerodrome used for helicopter operations.
FOD means foreign object debris, which may result in foreign object damage to an aircraft. HF means the high frequency band, that is radio frequencies in the range 3 to 30 kHz.
Note Generally, such an area is offset from the taxiway so that clearance for passing aircraft is maintained. Note A non-homogeneous runway surface means a runway surface that has different surface finishes across its full width. A non-homogeneous runway surface may result in differing friction, loading, and wet weather characteristics. Thus, it may limit the operations of some aircraft types depending on the requirements of the aircraft flight manual.
ILS means an instrument landing system comprised of the following components:. Note Each component of an ILS performs specific functions, and is separately located along the longitudinal axis of, or alongside, the runway. Different siting requirements, and restrictions to access and movement, apply to each site. ILS critical area means an area about the localizer and glide path antennas where vehicles and aircraft must be excluded during all ILS operations because the presence of vehicles or aircraft inside the area will cause unacceptable disturbance to the ILS signal-in-space.
Note 1 Instrument approach procedures are classified as follows:. Note 2 When preparing or nominating their infrastructure to support the desired aircraft operation, the aerodrome operator determines the classification of instrument runway for which the runway is to be nominated provided that the relevant standards in this MOS are achieved. A certified designer under Part of CASR may then be tasked to design the optimal terminal instrument flight procedure to the capabilities of the instrument runway.
Note 3 Special Authorisation Category operations may only be utilised by aircraft operators who meet specific requirements for flight crew competency, aircraft capability and any conditions relevant to the terminal instrument flight procedure. Note 4 The visual aids provided need not necessarily be matched to the scale of the non-visual aids provided. CASA recommends that visual aids should be determined based on the requirements for the intended classification of operation and in consultation with the aircraft operators for whom it is intended to be utilised.
Note Generally, scheduled international air transport operations are conducted only at international aerodromes. LAHSO means land and hold short operations. The LDA commences at the runway threshold. LVP means low-visibility procedure. MAGS means movement area guidance sign. MAUM means maximum all-up mass. MET means meteorological. MLS means microwave landing system. MTOM means maximum take-off mass. MTOW means maximum take-off weight. NDB means non-directional beacon. NOTAM means Notice to Airmen, and is a notice issued by the NOTAM Office containing information or instructions concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to persons concerned with flight operations.
The obstacle limitation surfaces are as follows:. OMGWS means outer main gear wheel span. PAL means pilot-activated lighting system. PAPI means precision approach path indicator. Note A subgrade is a prepared foundation or the natural surface on which the pavement is constructed. PPE means personal protective equipment. QNH means altimeter subscale setting to obtain elevation on the ground or altitude.
RSM means remote satellite measurement. RSMU means remote satellite measurement unit. RTAO means restrictions to aircraft operations. RTIL means runway threshold identification lights. Rules and Practices for Aerodromes means the official publication known as Rules and Practices for Aerodromes issued:.
It is calculated by dividing the difference between the maximum and minimum deviations from the horizontal along the runway centreline, by the runway length, multiplying the quotient by and expressing the product as a percentage deviation from the horizontal. SA means special authorisation. SALS means a simple approach lighting system.
B supplies the power through a special transmission line that follows a route different from the normal power supply route; and. C makes extremely remote the possibility of a simultaneous failure of the normal public electrical power supply and the power supply for the aerodrome; or.
Note See also sections 9. SGS means s atellite ground station. SMS means safety management system, and includes the statements and documents mentioned in Chapter 25 that describe and support the system. STODA means supplementary take-off distance available. Supply Authority means the body for an area that is approved, licensed or authorised by the State or Territory government of the area the polity , or by the legislation of that polity, to supply electrical power to the general public of the area.
However, if there is no designated clearway, the part of the runway strip between the end of the runway and the runway strip end must be included as part of the TODA. Note A fully or partially enclosed aircraft hangar is not within the meaning of aircraft parking position , as defined.
A taxiway includes a taxilane, an apron taxiway and a rapid exit taxiway. Note Taxilane , apron taxiway , exit taxiway , rapid exit taxiway and taxiway system are also defined terms. Type A chart is a chart which contains information on all significant obstacles within the take-off area of an aerodrome up to 10 km from the end of the runway.
Type B chart is an obstacle chart which provides obstacle data from around the aerodrome. UHF means the ultra high frequency band, that is radio frequencies in the range to 3 MHz. UNICOM universal communications means a non-air traffic control communication facility operated to provide an advisory service to enhance the value of information normally available at a non-controlled aerodrome.
VASI means visual approach slope indicator. VASIS means a visual approach slope indicator system. VDGS means a visual docking guidance system. VHF means the very high frequency band, that is radio frequencies in the range 30 to MHz. Note 1 The 2 distances have different values in air of a given extinction coefficient, and the distance mentioned in paragraph b varies with the background illumination.
The distance mentioned in paragraph a is represented by the meteorological optical range MOR. WAM means wide area multilateration. Y location code means the international code prefix used to identify Australian aerodromes.
Note When making a selection, CASA recommends that an aerodrome operator should consider the aircraft types and operations to be accommodated because it is such considerations which dictate the appropriate design, and operating and reporting standards, for the facility.
Table 4. Code element 1. Note The minimum aeroplane reference field length determines the code number. However, provided it meets at least the minimum length required for a particular code number, the actual runway length does not otherwise dictate the code number selected by an operator.
The practical minimum length for the runway, and the nominated ARC, are each selected by the aerodrome operator. Note The choice of the greatest wingspan lies with the aerodrome operator. A failure to choose that which is the most demanding of applicable options may result in operational limitations for a particular aircraft type. Code element 2. Up to but not including 15 m. A defined path on an aerodrome on land, established for the taxiing of aircraft from one part of an aerodrome to another.
A taxiway includes an apron taxiway and a rapid exit taxiway. Note: Apron taxiway , exit taxiway , rapid exit taxiway , taxilane and taxiway system are also defined terms. An area including a taxiway intended to protect an aircraft operating on the taxiway and to reduce the risk of damage to an aircraft accidentally running off the taxiway. The beginning of that portion of the runway usable for landing. Aerodrome works that may be carried out if normal aircraft operations are not disrupted and the movement area can be restored to normal safety standards in not more than 30 minutes.
The portion of a runway, beyond the threshold, where it is intended landing aeroplanes first contact the runway. Any change to, or improvement of, the facility that allows it to do 1 or more of the following:. The replacement of any aerodrome facility that does not comply with the standards for the facility in this MOS. Note: The upgrade of a particular non-compliant aerodrome facility is the trigger for that particular non-compliant facility to be brought into compliance with the relevant MOS standards.
The percentage of time during which the use of a runway or system of runways is not restricted because of cross-wind component. Visibility for aeronautical purposes is the greater of:.
The 2 distances have different values in air of a given extinction coefficient, and the distance mentioned in paragraph b varies with the background illumination. The distance mentioned in paragraph a is represented by the meteorological optical range MOR. A dark object of suitable dimensions for use as a reference in evaluating runway visibility. Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, equal or better than specified minima.
The terms weight and mass used in this MOS have the same meaning. Note: See the definition of upgrade in subsection 1. The reconfiguring of an existing facility including, for example, an apron to cater for more or larger aircraft constitutes an upgrade. Note: As part of the audit of an aerodrome operator, CASA may require the operator to supply evidence showing past and current bona fide efforts to implement the plan and timescale. Note: The purpose of such qualifying phrases is to recognise that sometimes compliance with particular standards is not possible in some circumstances.
The purpose of paragraph 2. Note: The determination of the aeroplane reference field length is solely for the selection of a Code number and must not be confused with runway length requirements, which are influenced by other factors. Table 2. Aeroplane reference field length. Up to but not including 4. However, a failure to comply with subsection 2. Note: Aircraft operators will not be permitted to conduct SA Category I instrument approach operations unless aerodrome control is in operation.
Note: The runway may have electronic RVR equipment in the other zones of the runway. Absence of an approach lighting system or a shorter approach lighting system will result in higher RVR minima. Skip to primary navigation Skip to primary content. Manual of Standards Part - Aerodromes. FC Table of contents.
Volume 1. Manual of Standards Part —Aerodromes Version 1. Table of Contents Table of Contents.. Chapter 1: Introduction Section 1. Paragraph 92 1 b of the Civil Aviation Regulations has the effect of authorising a place for use as an aerodrome if it is certified or registered under Part of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations CASR Together with Part of CASR , it sets out certain standards for certified aerodromes, registered aerodromes, and other aircraft landing areas where aircraft arrive, depart or move that are not certified or registered ALAs.
Aerodrome safety is a vital link in aviation safety and the applicable provisions of the MOS must be complied with to ensure aviation safety. D of CASR is that when an aircraft with a maximum passenger seating capacity of more than 9 but not more than 30 seats uses an ALA at least once a week for regular public transport operations, the operator of the ALA must conduct safety inspections, and have at least 1 reporting officer who: a is trained in accordance with the provisions of the MOS for reporting officers; and b monitors the serviceability of the ALA in accordance with the provisions of the MOS for such monitoring.
E of CASR is that all operators of certified and registered aerodromes must ensure the following: a that airspace monitoring around the aerodrome is in accordance with the MOS for such monitoring; b that obstacle limitation surfaces are established in accordance with the provisions of the MOS for obstacle limitation surfaces. Where this MOS incorporates by reference standards from other documents, the incorporated standards become part of this MOS.
A Note is not part of the standard. In those parts of the MOS where it is necessary to establish the context of standards to assist in their comprehension, the sense of parent regulations has been reiterated. ACs may explain certain regulatory requirements by providing interpretive and explanatory materials. It is expected that service providers will document internal actions in their own operational manuals, to put into effect those, or similarly adequate, practices.
These may be to: a ensure safety; b ensure standardisation; c respond to changed CASA standards; d respond to ICAO prescription; e accommodate new initiatives or technologies. Aerodrome A defined area on land or water including any buildings, installations, and equipment intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft. Aerodrome beacon Aeronautical beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome from the air. Aerodrome elevation The elevation of the highest point of the landing area.
Aerodrome facility Any of the following at an aerodrome, or in or on something at an aerodrome, for which standards are provided by the MOS: surfaces, infrastructure; structures; buildings; installations; stations; systems; equipment; earthing points; cables; lighting; signage; markings. Aerodrome reference point The designated geographical location of an aerodrome.
Aerodrome reference temperature The monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature for the hottest month of the year the hottest month being that which has the highest monthly mean temperature.
Aerodrome traffic density See Paragraph 9. Aerodrome works Construction or maintenance works carried out at an aerodrome, on or adjacent to the movement area, that may create obstacles or restrict the normal take-off and landing of aircraft. Aeronautical beacon An aeronautical ground light visible at all azimuths, either continuously or intermittently, to designate a particular point on the surface of the earth.
Aeronautical ground light Any light specially provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light displayed on an aircraft. Aeronautical study An investigation of a problem concerned with some phase of flight, and aimed at identifying possible solutions and selecting the one most acceptable from the point of view of flight safety.
Aeroplane reference field length The minimum field length required for take-off at maximum certificated take-off mass, sea level, standard atmospheric conditions, still air and zero runway slope, as shown in the appropriate aeroplane flight manual prescribed by the certificating authority or equivalent data from the aeroplane manufacturer.
Air side The movement area of an aerodrome, adjacent terrain and buildings or portions thereof, access of which is controlled. Air transport operations Charter operations, or regular public transport operations, within the meaning of paragraphs 2 7 b and c , respectively, of the Civil Aviation Regulations Aircraft classification number ACN A number expressing the relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement for a specified standard subgrade category.
Aircraft parking position A designated area on an apron intended to be used for parking an aircraft. ALA Aircraft landing area, being an area for the landing, movement and take-off of aircraft that is not a certified or registered aerodrome.
Apron A defined area on a land aerodrome intended to accommodate aircraft for the purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking, or maintenance. Apron management service A service provided to regulate the activities and the movement of aircraft and vehicles on the apron.
Apron taxiway A portion of a taxiway system located on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi route for aircraft across the apron to another part of the taxiway system.
Balanced field length A field length where the distance to accelerate and stop is equal to the take-off distance of an aeroplane experiencing an engine failure at the critical engine failure recognition speed V1. Barrette Three or more aeronautical ground lights closely spaced in a transverse line so that from a distance they appear as a short bar of light.
Capacity discharge light A lamp in which high-intensity flashes of extremely short duration are produced by the discharge of electricity at high voltage through a gas enclosed in a tube. Charter operations Charter operations has the meaning given by paragraph 2 7 b of the Civil Aviation Regulations Clearway A defined area at the end of the take-off run available on the ground or water under the control of the aerodrome operator, selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height.
Cross-wind component The surface wind component at right angles to the runway centre line. Declared distances 1. Dependent parallel approaches Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are prescribed.
Displaced threshold A threshold not located at the extremity of a runway. Effective intensity The effective intensity of a flashing light is equal to the intensity of a fixed light of the same colour, which will produce the same visual range under identical conditions of observation. Elevation The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from the mean sea level. Exit taxiway A taxiway connected to a runway to enable landing aeroplanes to turn off the runway.
Fixed light A light having constant luminous intensity when observed from a fixed point. Frangible object An object of low mass designed to break, distort or yield on impact so as to present the minimum hazard to aircraft.
Hazard beacon An aeronautical beacon used to designate a danger to air navigation. Holding bay A defined area where aircraft can be held, or bypassed, to facilitate efficient surface movement of aircraft.
Independent parallel approaches Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are not prescribed.
Independent parallel departures Simultaneous departures from parallel or near-parallel instrument runways. Instrument approach procedures The procedures to be followed by aircraft in letting down from cruising level and landing at an aerodrome.
The manual provides that aerodromes are to be certified or registered, and contains rules, mandatory standards, procedures and guidance information relating to the planning, design and operation of aerodromes.
A code of practice is a set of rules which details how people in a certain industry should behave. A code of practice can be defined as a result of legislation or by industry regulators and bodies. Contact Email, Phone and Address Details for this service in simple two column table format, header then data.
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